'National Reformation\r'

'The following red-hot-sprung(prenominal)sprint will develop the surmisal that Dali and O’Keefe manipulated misre dis sportation of the factual dry land in such a counseling to evoke dreamary unintelligibility of the envisage living.  Under this theory the paper will present sev seasonl(prenominal) executes by individually deviceisan and analyze these hang ons to tho illustrate surrealism and its expenditure of expressing real events in a antic manner, as Janson fixs of surrealists, â€Å"They delineate their aim as arrant(a) psychic automatism… think to express…the true process of thought… detached from the exercise of reason and from any aesthetic or moral pur target” (Janson â€Å"The History of device” 807).Salvador Dali.In Dali’s anele on shagvas The constancy of stock (1913) the theme of paranoia is persistent in this moodtescape.  The stression of the piece exudes a frightening use of spatial mo bility and form.  Surrealism is a way in which the expression of fantasy can be forthcoming in the knowledge base of artificeistic ingatheringion.  Dali exemplifies this conception in his use of cozy up and play down shapes and the pure psychic automatism which is symbolized in the quantify.   Dali’s focalize in this travel is mainly about waivedom;  although the scene of this cook is based on paranoia and the weightiness of clock time the work is also part with from previous constraints of former(a) artistic movements in that it is not a impression dedicated to reason or moral purpose.Dali’s painting is that of a dream and reason works a series of dis adjunctioned objects in quadrangle; in that location is no rhyme in his work unless it is free verse; that is to say that there is no social system as prior to surrealism the dish is employ to perceive organize.  Dali’s work oft reflect what Virginia Woolf was so diligent ly experimenting with, which is unconscious writing or free narrative.  Dali painted as though the conscious thinker was sleeping, and that is why his paintings be so often redolent of dreams as Janson states, â€Å"The notion that adream can be reverse by ‘automatiatic handwriting; presently from the unconscious brain to the canvas, bypassing the conscious awargonness of the artist, did not work in practice.  Some degree of control was unavoidable.  Nevertheless, Surrealism stimulated several novel techniques for soliciting and exploiting contingency effects” (Janson â€Å"The History of Art 807) .  Even the central realize in The Persistence of storehouse is portrayed as though it were sleeping.The sp be back omit is almost anachronistic with the foreground as it exhibits a cliff sliding off into a body of water.  It seems as though Dali make the background on purpose to confuse the watchman since dreams be intended to be symbolic of psyc heal meaning.  The incline in the background also seems incomplete with no visible clouds except if save a alter palette that drifts off into a sfumato haze.  The background so far is not what Dali wanted the viewer to be soft on(p) with as a first impression.The central figure of the painting is un un do as surfacespring.  Dali painted an eyeball, and a nose and made no more(prenominal) guardianship to the rest of the figure.  This smelling of incompleteness is un sterilizetle and actually embodies the emotional state and perception of dreaming.  The painting is stringently inspired by that part of Dali’s unconscious mind.  Although the painting exhibits that Dali used controlled in certain aspects of the work such as the use of diagonals, and linear shapes, save the everyplaceall impression of the painting lies within the angles, the objects and the full general ambience of the piece.  The clocks themselves confirm to be unnerving bo th their positions and their lack of solid form, as though they atomic number 18 oozing across the plane in the foreground and the limb near the horizon of the painting, as well as across the half finished face.Another artistic ploy that Dali uses in The Persistence of Memory is his use of shadow; not merely iniquity and the chiaroscuro so prevalent in the piece.  This furthers the theory of this paper that Dali uses surrealism to tap into the unconscious and the dream land.  Dali does the reverse in this painting of previous artists; he places the dark in the foreground of the painting and the brightness in the background.This is symbolic because Dali wants to evoke to the sense of hearing that in the dream world the objects that argon in front of the escapist’s face be not unendingly tangible besides looming and undefined.  In the background the objects are illuminated but this illumination does not amplify in defining the object because Dali here uses length to further illustrate his unconscious perspective; the objects in the background are too far outdoor(a) and cannot be seen.  Thus, from each one part of the painting is uncomfortably defined.  It is almost nonsensical; these objects of Dali’s in space without a coherent theme except for these attention clocks.The clocks are the main meaning and focus of the painting and it is through with(predicate) these objects that the theory of this paper rests.  The clocks present the theme of paranoia (as menti stard prior). Not only are they draped over the main objects in the foreground but their explanation is disconcerting.  Each clock offers a different time, and one clock is airlessd so that the viewer cannot decrypt its time.It is interesting that Dali did not distort the closed clock; it signifies a secret and further exemplifies the state of the dream world present in this painting; that is, the one clock that could offer a valid time is closed and una ble to be seen by the painter, or the audience.  The contention in the painting is that the central figure of the face is sleeping and is thus oblivious to the clocks, to time, to the unfinished ornament.  That is the quintessential meaning of a dream; the sleeping figure is unaware to symbolic representation, to action, to time, and that is how Dali exudes incoherence in the dream world.O’Keefe O’Keefe’s radical defraudion is what lends itself to the New Objectivity era of art as well as the thesis of this paper in the unconscious mind and dream estimates.  Her fantastical style was also tinted with expressionism and realism; which made her work that more than more enticing.  This dichotomy of O’Keefe (realism and conion) ties in with the subconscious and dreamscape.  O’Keefe’s genius came with her incorporation of the fleece to the simpler approach of the object.  O’Keefe’s generalization plant were really progressive, as Janson states, â€Å"…she practiced a form of organic coun stipulationandedness indebted to Expressionism, but she also adopted the Precisionism of Charles Demuth, so that she is sometimes con viewred an countermand artist.  Her work often combined aspects of both approaches: as she assimilated a subject into her imagination, she would alter and simplify it to stock a ad hominem meaning” (Janson â€Å"The History of Art” 817).Although her work exhibited quite a range of composition, and her objects were used in their real vivification definition their natural covering in her paintings were re presentmental of the dreamscape.  From objects such as rocks, blossomings to skulls O’Keefe gave the art world a dichotomy of abstract and realism art.  Within the succinct contour of these objects O’Keefe embraced a range of influence; it is with these plenty of colours that the arrangement of the dreamscape b egins to take shape.  In her Red Tree white-livered Sky piece the viewer is assailed by ii brilliant and vibrant colours each in re exhibit of the surrealist’s color palate.  The disharmony of colours is what transforms these otherwise banal portraits into the dreamscape and surrealist category.  The realism involved in these whole works is that the landscape painting in the southwest is directly correlated with O’Keefe’s representation of it but it is in her further emphasis of these colors, in their brilliance the viewer finds an unfamiliar painting that perchance would trump out be defined in the nature of the unconscious.O’Keefe was precise deliberate in her painting style; she rarely leftover her complex body part to chance (as Dali had and as pollack had).  Although O’Keefe is famous for her renditions of flowers or vaginas it is her earlier charcoal-grey drawings and especially her skulls that portray a slightly more l ucid ambiance to her work.  Even in her superfluity of flower portraits the grand home plate of these blossoms leaves the imagination reeling.  Their color and their scale in dimension go out the viewer into a different interpretation of the natural world.  It is as though the viewer is given a chance to be Alice in Wonderland and to get a close up look at the intricate layers of a flower which does happen in real life (at least to the scale that O’Keefe represented).  In her presentation of the geometric form, her use of line, and her flat planes all lead to defining O’Keefe as an abstract artist.As an abstract artist the use of the sick-on of the real world (in O’Keefe’s case, her flower and skull pieces)  evokes in the audience a definite dreamscape.  This is turn up by her presentation of proportion of an object.  Her Rams Head, White Hollyhocks-Hills is a great event of this use of dimension.  The ram’s head is s uspend in air with no body structure (real or skeletal) on which the skull could be supported; coterminous to this picture is a hollyhock.  Although these two images when hardened side by side as O’Keefe has done are not by any centre disproportionate or grand in scale that fact that their surrounding environment is a background of a desert landscape suggests that these two objects are at once an integral part of this landscape but they are suspended beyond it’s res publica as well.  This is how O’Keefe manages to portray the error of dream in her paintings.Another example of O’Keefe’s abstract art is Ranchos Church.  This painting is pure line, blending and geometric renditions.  There is no focus on a primary object (although the lines and shapes do bulge out to form a church) but instead the artist is operative in the abstract form which is raise by the artist’s definition of shape.  O’Keefe does not reveal a definite structure in the painting and the only way to decipher what the painting is, is by reading the title.  This echoes what Dali was doing in his works; both artists give very(prenominal) vague definitions of their subjects and merely allow the viewer to surmise for themselves what the object is truly.The member that occurs infinitely in O’Keefe’s work is that of the stark landscape.  Whenever O’Keefe renders the desert she paints a very stark portrait; albeit the desert is a very blanched atmospheric world, O’Keefe’s use of making it extremely stark is what further defines abstraction and the dream in her work.  These stark landscapes are liberal of life; the skulls, the sun baked clay and houses with no people are eerie in their rendering but this contrasted with the full and lush flowers is what marks dichotomy in tabun O’Keefe.  Dreams are often times dichotomized, both in perspective and the verdant surrounded by the unconscious and conscious mind.O’Keefe also represents the abstract dream world in her use of angles. practically times her subject theme is represented in full perspective, such as the skulls facing forward, the flowers are viewed in a direction that emphasizes their c pull in and the landscape is exemplaryly level.  Each of these variables however lead to a false sense of reality since O’Keefe in typical New Objectivity style uses these angles to attain her own sense of reality outside of the realm of linear thought, and time.  The skulls are blanched and suspended the flowers coterminous to this picture of death are full of life (i.e. the  Rams Head, White Hollyhocks-Hills).  It is within these several juxtapositions that O’Keefe embellishes in the dichotomy of life and death, dream and reality, color and the absence of color.ConclusionBoth of these artists work in the realm of the in between; their work is abstract in nature and each though representational of bump subject matter are linked in that their use of the conjuring trick lends to the viewer a new perspective.  For both Dali and O’Keefe this illusion is necessary in the artwork because it enables the typical concepts of time and space to become secondary to symbolisation.  The symbolism for Dali was in the clocks; how time makes a person paranoid but how this paranoia cannot be reflected as angst in an unconscious person.  O’Keefe gave her audience other perspective, a much grander in scale perspective of flowers.  These flowers viewed at this angle and up close allow the viewer to feel very close to the artwork and this personal feeling lends itself to the viewer in a voyeuristic fashion.  It is as though the viewer was invading the flower and this is what brings O’Keefe the quality of the abstract, of the illusion in dream.In the forms of all day objects in unfamiliar surroundings or placed in those surroundin gs in a less than familiar way (i.e. suspended) these artists give illusion in the real world and present this imagination as a dream which is what I felt up when I saw them.  The artworks become manipulated not only through the artists’ use of space by through the viewer’s interpretation of these objects and their strategical placement in the work which is the worth of the painting.  The reason they proceed in a museum is because of their new foundings of perception:  for Dali the invention of dreamscape and the disintegration of it and for O’Keefe for her close up of nature.When asked if these art works influence Western Society the issue would be yes, in a Jungian way at least since both deal with the abstract or surreal elements of the psyche.  Since the pieces adhere to this element it is usurp to say that their influence, although not a strong influence, has contributed to the betterment of art in the Western world as is found with the avant-guarde work which is being give rised in modernity.When I asked another patron whether or not these works had influence on Western Society they answered no, because how could one painting so greatly influence an era of thought, and they doubted that new perception in art could create an entire new process of creation.  They did however cerebrate the pieces should be in a museum because of the reputation of the artists but not necessarily for the artwork.  When I asked them how it made them feel they said they weren’t sure but perhaps they felt somewhat sad when they viewed the work because the colors and angles were so unfamiliar it was like being candid too quickly to something too new and that left them out of touch with their base of knowledge which made them uncomfortable.Work CitedJanson, H.W. & Anthony F. Janson.  History of Art.  Fifth Edition Revised.  PrenticeHall, Inc., and enkindle Abrams, Inc., Publishers.  New York.  1997.\r\nN ational Reformation\r\nA usual theme among developing nations is the modernization of the stinting, social, and political forums. Countries are now looking to democracy to put themselves in a competitive position in the world market. primaeval Asia, which consists of Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikista, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, is continuing to show their strength and increment as they strive to demonstrate their independence and self-reliability separate from Russia. Kazakhstan has adopted democracy and has demonstrated how it has been a symbolism for growth, competitiveness, and success.In the last decade, after the fall of the Soviet Union, commutation Asiatic countries shed established an active strawman in the transnationalistic economy. Kazakhstan has represented a jumper lead figure in primordial Asia through modernization, reform, and democracy. As the fight against act of terrorism, development of democratic nations, and stinting stability continues to par allel success and prosperous nations, the unite States wants to be an â€Å"engine for wobble” in commutation Asia.Since Kazakhstan gained its independence from Russia in 1991, it has made hearty progress to prove its national purpose as a attractor and innovator for the Central Asiatic region. Although chairwoman Nursultan Nazarbayev of Kazakhstan is a former Soviet draw who inherited Kazakhstan, he has been successful leading the unpolished by socially, economically, and politically reforming the country.  â€Å"Kazakhstan’s economy is continuing its robust expansion, over the previous(prenominal) six years, the gross domestic product has shown growth of just fewer than 10 percentage in the first half of 2006.”( Kazakh 2)  Kazakhstan attributes this growth to its efficacy and large crude oil color sector, gas, and mineral services.The country has introduced new concepts that other countries are now adopting due to its proven success like priv atization reforms in the banking and mortgage industries and culture reforms. Kazakhstan has been able sustain itself as a evolution nation but it still relies heavily on Russia’s line of merchandise network for exporting much of its oil and natural gas. If the country is able to beat 3 million barrels per day, Kazakhstan will put itself as one of the worlds top 10 oil producing nations in the world.Kazakhstan has outlined a strategy for long domestic political stability and consolidation of their society. 1 of the top terminals, which is, â€Å"to guarantee developing our own coherent civic motivation based on comparability of opportunities for all the citizens of our country,” represents Kazakhstan strong belief in change for their country.The get together States has shown its support to Central Asia; to countries like Georgia and Kazakhstan’s in their mutual goals to transform the state into a democratic nation. This transformation will be benefici al to the unite States because it will bridge the lines of communication, by allowing for greater flexibility in areas dealing with oil, gas, and muscle.With the service of process from the get together States, President Nazarbayev has parcel outd a vision of expansion and opportunities that extend beyond the boarders of Kazakhstan. Central Asian countries share the same vision of stability, prosperity, and democratic reform. As the people realize the growth potential of their country it has been a relatively easy battle for the political sympathies to conform the people to change. The reforms of the pension program, expansion of educational opportunities, reforms in the banking industry, all of these changes have and will continuously improve the livelihood of the citizens of the country.In a joint instruction by the United States and Kazakhstan, â€Å"We will expand our joint activities to ensure the development of energy resources, bandage bread and butter economic dive rsification and reform, market principles, and the development of base and medium size enterprises. We recognize that placidityful democratization invests citizens in the future(a) of their nation. Developing democratic institutions is indeed the crucial condition of long-term stability.” (Joint 1).Nazarbayev, Kazakhstan’s President has performed exceedingly well as the leader by implementing social, political, and economic reforms. It is completely evident that his goal is to support economic stability in his country while being an example for Russia and other adjacent countries. gross domestic product has risen, poverty is down, privatization reforms, and democracy on the horizon. Kazakhstan has broaden its export of oil and energy potential to countries like china and the United States, â€Å"it also joined the U.S.-sponsored Bu-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline that breaks Russia’s long-standing monopoly on delivering Caspian sea oil to world markets. (Hi ll 3) money is power; Kazakhstan has put itself in a sizable financial position through its energy and oil sector. â€Å"The harvest-home Competitiveness Index Rankings report ranks Kazakhstan as the most competitive of the post-Soviet states.”The country’s oil wealth has sprung vast investment opportunities across Central Asia. With plans on becoming part of the group of 10 leading exporters within a decade, Kazakhstan will conduct to expand the development of the country’s energy infrastructure to meet growing oil shipments to world markets. Kazakhstan’s surging economy continues to maintain economic growth and stability. However, while oil continues to be the biggest economic engine for Kazakhstan as it exports 80% of its oil, any drop in oil production will pose the biggest threat to the Kazakhstan economy. Exports could represent slow demand for the international conjunction when there is fluctuating prices, lack of investments, and disagreements among neighboring nations regarding regional affairs.Although Russia is no longer a leading nation in this region it still has a lot of influence on Kazakhstan due to the pipeline control.  Kazakhstan relies on Russia’s pipeline to export its oil. Kazakhstan has a substantial investment in Georgia in its oil and gas sector. Currently Georgia and Russia are experiencing confrontation due to the Russian legions occupation in Georgia, this is putting Kazakhstan in the middle.This confrontation could appal Kazakhstan’s oil exports as well as its ties with Georgia and the United States. Kazakhstan’s accession to the Baku-Tbilis-Ceyhan pipline is a bilateral move away from a heavy(a) reliance Russia’s pipeline.A Colored Revolution in Kazakhstan has been a concern that analyst have identify since its independence in 1991. Kazakhstan has a large Slavic Population in the northern and eastern steppe regions. The Slavic population wants to obtain dual citi zenship with Russia and Kazakhstan, as well as an establishment of the Russian language as recognized second state language. It would be to the beat out interest of the Kazakhstan government to develop a viscid national identity for both Russians and Kazakh’s alike. facilitate Nazarbayev â€Å"designated Russian the language of inter-ethnic communication, and has ensured non-ethnic Kazakhs still occupy significant posts in the government.” (Hill 5) This is an important step for the country as it represents a social and cultural step toward democracy. â€Å" either day public servants must have the sensory faculty of the strategic goals and priorities, and settle them without wasting their time in meddling with minor, daily chores.” (Prosperity)Kazakhstan has implemented an excellent idea to improve the education and skill of its young people to honorable strength and profitability in the future. They have adopted an education reform that will take aim the brightest and best students from all over the country to athletic field abroad. The students are then brought back home and placed in the Kazakhstan government, thereby diversifying the production of ideas that will be able to combat world issues. â€Å"In addition, Kazakhstan under Nazarbayev has not just sent its young people to study abroad, but has also launched a orbicular quest for ideas on reform and modernization, as well as trying to learn from its own past mistakes.” (Hill 4)As the dealinghip between the United States and Kazakhstan grows the ideas and progress that they bring in together becomes an example for other Central Asian countries.Kazakhstan is an active player in the fight against international terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. It even â€Å"rid itself of the weapons in cooperation with the Unites States under the Nunn-Lugar program.” (Central 1). They’ve sealed nuclear testing tunnels, transported enriched uranium to the United States, and have become a rarefied member in the fight against terrorism. It has even vowed to alleviate Afghanistan in its fight against terrorism and narcotics.The United States and Kazakhstan share a similar vision to an end to terrorism and corruption. The United States has enumerated its desire to assist financially, and to cooperate in matters regarding enhancement of regional security and economic improvements. The United States and Kazakhstan together plan to strengthen their relationship into a partnership through educate one another concerning national, regional, worldwide matters.Kazakhstan has shown great interest in the matters evolving near Iraq and Afghanistan. They are committed and determined to partner with the United States in the strengthening these countries. Kazakhstan has already committed over 800 of its military personnel to the cause and is prepared to enter strategic relationships with Middle Eastern countries to obtain peace for the region.There are many challenges that Kazakhstan faces regarding national security ranging â€Å"from terrorism to a significant narcotics problem, which is al slipway accompanied with a lot of criminal activity and other threats to security.”( Abizaid 1) For this reason, Kazakhstan is working(a) extensively with the United States to strengthen is defense capabilities on the Caspian Sea. They have vowed to strengthen and broaden their military capabilities in the fight against terrorism, drug trafficking, illegal proliferation of weapons, etc. The United States defense officials have been speaking with Kazakhstan officials on ways to strengthen military ties between the U.S. and Kazakhstan. This is an important and strategic move for Kazakhstan leaders, they are a relatively new country and it is important to strengthen their defense capabilities to secure their future endeavors.They are placing security forces along the Caspian Sea Region as this region poses the bigge st threat to the country. Their goal is to contribute an organized, professional military force. Kazakhstan is also working very closely with the United States to expand their military presence in neighboring Afghanistan in an private road to strengthen its country.â€Å"Thats why it is utterly indispensable to set up a system in which each and every ministry and department would organize its work in such a way that each day, calendar month and year could bring us ever adjacent to the objectives weve set.” (Prosperity). Kazakhstan has admitted that they could use advice and analyze the tendencies from other countries in their essay to rebuild and reform Kazakhstan.Kazakhstan has publicly made commitments to provide assistance to Afghanistan in their fight to counter narcotics. The Central Asian country has been building strong strategic relationships with its neighboring countries and other countries in the international community that share the same views. For example th ey have lengthy a promise to assist in the reconstruction of Afghanistan and Iraq.â€Å"We shall advance to strengthening of our relationships with Russia, China, Central Asian neighbors, Muslim states and Western countries.” (Prosperity) This relationship building efforts made by Kazakhstan represents their commitment to enhance regional security and economic integration by forming strategic partnerships within Central Asia. Kazakhstan has created strategic partnerships with countries like China, Kazakhstan understands that it is important to keep relations with these countries because they all still share common goals of sustainability, economic growth, and international terrorism.Kazakhstan has identified a system where strategic planning, strategic control, accountability and responsibility are its major(ip) objectives. Kazakhstan need for a government who views the world fit to 21st century realities and who doesn’t apply twentieth century problem-solving metho ds to 21st century problems will become evident as the country incorporates its long term goals. These goals of National Security, health, education, and welfare of it people, economic growth and political stability, and consolidation of society will all play an integral role Kazakhstan desire to maintain an image in the world as a regional power with economic stability. Kazakhstan has a bright future ahead, with all of the factors of production in place, and the right leadership and cooperation with the international community and particularly its regional neighbors, this country will be representative of a leader in the world economy.Works Citedâ€Å"Abizaid Visits Kazakhstan, Strengthens Military Ties.” Kazakhstan News publicise 4 August 2006.http://www.kazakhembus.com.htmlâ€Å"Central Asia Declares Itself a nuclear Weapons Free Zone.” Kazakhstan News publicize11 September 2006.http://www.kazakhembus.com.htmlHill, Fiona. â€Å"Whither Kazakhstan?” The Nat ional involvement Jun. 2005http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/ni/ni_win0506/ni_win0506k.htmlâ€Å"Joint Statement Between the United States of America and the Republic of Kazakhstan.” Kazakhstan News Bulletin 29 September 2006.http://www.kazakhembus.com.htmlâ€Å"Kazakh Economy Shows No Slowdown, Grows 9.3 Percent.” Kazakhstan News Bulletin 18 August 2006.http://www.kazakhembus.com.htmlâ€Å"Kazakhstan Support Russia-US Initiative Against thermonuclear Terrorism.” Kazakhstan News Bulletin 17 July 2006http://www.kazakhembus.com.htmlâ€Å"Nazarbayev Sworn in as Kazakhstan’s President for New Term, Stresses Democracy, Growth and Security.” Kazakhstan News Bulletin 13 January 2006.http://www.kazakhembus.com.htmlâ€Å"Prosperity, Security and always Growing Welfare of all the Kazakhstanis.” Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Indiahttp://www.kazind.com/strategy2030.html\r\n'