Resonance Frequency Analysis Tool for Implant Stability

vibrancy Frequency Analysis Tool for Implant perceptual constancyDr. Vishwanath Pattar Dr. Anjana Bagewadi MDS resonance frequency abstract (RFA) A diagnostic tool for embed perceptual constancy dental establishs have become a undertakeificant verbalism of tooth replacement in prosthodontic sermon. High implant success pass judgment of the hal beginning of 78-100 % have been published, with more(prenominal) than 15 years of observation time. intercession success of dental consonant implant mainly depends on the perceptual constancy of the implant wad support. Implant perceptual constancy is a mechanical phenomenon which is related to the topical anaesthetic dress up quality and quantity, type of implant, and placement technique utilize. The application of a simple, clinically applicable, non-trespassing(a) test to assess implant stableness and osseointegration is conside cerise highly desirable. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) is one of such techniques which is most frequently utilize nowadays. Aim of this paper is to review the technique of Radio frequency analysis and practise of it to check the implant perceptual constancy.Key words Resonance frequency analysis, Implant stability, Implant stability quotient(ISQ)Introduction Dental implants have describe success rates of over 90 % over long periods of time. tho failures still occur and seem to be unpredictable. One factor that is macrocosm increasingly considered in failure of dental implants is occlusal packing . It has been clinically show that implant stability plays a significant role in determine manipulation outcome (Sennerby Meredith 1998, Esposito et al. 1998). Implant stability can be seen as a combination of 1). Mechanical stability, which is the effect of compressed bone holding the implant tightly in place.2). Biological stability, which is the result of new bone cells forming at the site of the implant and osseointegration. Initially implant stability was mens urable by Surgeons perception while placing the implant (Insertion and seating area torque), percussion testing, reverse torque test and radiographical records etc. But none of them proven to be effective in measuring the implant stability. Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) is a non-invasive diagnostic tool for detecting the implant stability of dental implants during the healing stages and in subsequent routine enforce care after treatment.Advantages of Rasonance frequency analysis1) Optimal loading decisions It makes it easier for dentists to mold when is the optimal time to load implants. At placement, stability can be difficult to quantify objectively by merely relying on tactile perception. torsion measurements are difficult to repeat once the implant has started to conflate and can therefore not provide a baseline for subsequent comparisons. The invasive torque method may even damage the healing if used for monitoring osseointegration2)Early warnings preventing failure Dentists sometimes encounter patients whose sign stability score is low. The reason could be that they have had to undergo a bone graft. In such higher-risk situations, most surgeons would avoid an earliest-loading protocol. Similarly, a significant flow in stability indicates a potential problem and should be considered an early warning. The surgeon may prefer to unload the implant or maybe place additional implants and then wait until stability increases. RFA system makes the treatment of high-risk patients easier and more predictable allowing more of these patients to be treated and more of their treatments to be successful.3)Quality assurance Because RFA system helps the dentist decide when to load and avoid failure in high-risk situations, it becomes a quality-assurance system for the clinic. nearly patients intuitively understand the stability measures and how they govern when to load an implant and when to wait. This increases their sense experience of confidence, security and quality.4) Data can be transferable All the stability records metrical from start of the treatment and the follow up records can be transefered from one clinician to other. It makes easy to the one clinician to communicate with other about the treatment modalities.Implant stability quotient (ISQ)ISQ (Implant Stability Quotient) is a measurement scale for use with the RFA (Resonance Frequency Analysis) method of determining implant stability. Its a social occasion of resonance frequencies (kc), presented as a clinically useful scale of 1-100 ISQ. 1 is the least ISQ value and 100 is the highest ISQ value. ISQ is used RFA to measure stability becauseSupports make good decision about when to loadAllows advantageous protocol survival on a patient-to-patient basis.Indicates situations in which it is best to unloadSupports good communion and increased trustProvides better case documentationInstrument kitFig.1 Hand held probe Fig.2 MonitorFig.3 Main plugFig.4 Data cable Fig.5 examination device Fig.6 Smart-pegTechnique Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) uses a sophisticated technology with computer-based measurement of resonance frequency (RF), which is determined by 2 parameters the degree of bone density on implant-bone port wine area and the direct of marginal alveolar bone around the transducer Osstell is representative of RFA-technique and was tested freshman in 1997The apparatus consists of an Osstell transducer and Osstell analyzer connected to a PC or independent. The transducer is L-shaped or bolts-like (smartpeg) and firmly screwed in order to be positioned on the implant and its superstructure (45 N/cm) and consists of 2 small voltage controlled transducers. high-octane pulse-type oscillations of a continuous sinusoidal pulse excite implant, in order to register the mechanical vibration between the implant interconnection regularize and the bone. As soon as the apparatus is activated the first electrical transducer applies excita tion signal of increasing frequency from 5 to 15 kHz to implant. Other voltage-controlled element registers ultrasonic vibrations response, ie resonant frequency of the implant-bone interface area and transmits a created signal to the amplifier, which amplifies it and to the analyzer which reads, evaluates and compares it with the frequency of the original signal. The measured amplitude of resonance frequency is displayed numerically and graphically on the Osstell analyzer, and the maximal amplitude represents the stability of the implant, quantified through the ISQ units. The ISQ value reflects the rigidity of the system transducer- implant-bone and transducer standardisation parameters. Measured on a scale from 0 ISQ (3500 Hz) to 100 ISQ units (8500 Hz), a higher ISQ value indicates a greater stability of the implant. After a while ISQ determine rise because of osseointegration where implantbone the connection becomes stronger.Fig. 7 Fig.8 Fig.9ISQ values60 70 Immediate loadi ng can be doneThis graph illustrates the progress of implant stability over time, expressed in ISQ terms. The overlap green curves show the two most likely scenarios implant stability eventually sets at around 70 ISQ. A high initial ISQ value tends to decrease, as mechanical stability is supplanted by osseointegration. And a low initial value tends to increase, as osseointegration sets in. The scenario to watch out for is illustrated by the red curve. Here, osseointegration is not progressing as planned, and loading such an implant may result in a failed treatment High initial stability (ISQ values of 70 and above) tends not to increase over time despitethe fact that the initial high mechanical stability decreases and is replaced by increased biological stability. begin initial stability normally increases with time because the lowermechanical stability is increased by the bone remodeling process (osseointegration). Values of ISQ 55 or lower should be taken as a warning sign and ac tions to improve the stability should be considered (larger implant diameter, longer healing time, etc.)* *(Implant stability measurements using Resonance Frequency Analysis. Biological and biomechanical aspects and clinical implications. Periodontology 2000, 2008. Sennerby Meredith)ReferencesChang WA et al. A newly designed resonance frequency analysis device for dental implant stability detection Dent Mater J. 2007 Sep26(5)665-71Rajiv KG et al . Resonance frequency analysis Indian Journal of Dental Research, 22(4), 2011